Coffee Roasting Basics - The Beginning
The Significance of Roasting
Coffee roasting plays a crucial role in shaping the flavour and aroma of our beloved beverage. Discover the process of roasting and its profound impact on the taste profile of coffee.
The Three Stages of Roasting
1. Drying Stage
In this initial stage, green coffee beans are dried to prepare them for roasting. The beans' moisture content of 8-12% is reduced, typically lasting 4-8 minutes in a traditional drum roaster. Bean will change from green to yellow/orange when the drying phase is complete.
2. Browning Stage
As the temperature reaches approximately 160°C, the beans undergo the browning stage. Aroma compounds are developed through the Maillard reaction, contributing to the coffee's unique flavors. This stage is characterized by the first crack. You can hear this crack. It's similar to popcorn popping but more subtle.
3. Development or Roasting Stage
The development stage is vital for the desired aroma compounds to form. Proper control during this stage ensures the coffee does not become overly smoky or sharp in flavour. The heat should be reduced but not too much so that it stalls. A gentle increase in bean temperature during development is desirable.
Roast Degree and Flavour Profile
The roast degree, measured by color or taste, determines the flavor characteristics of coffee. Light roasts tend to be more acidic, while dark roasts lean towards bitterness. Understanding the roast degree helps to bring out the best qualities of the coffee beans.
Factors Affecting Flavour
Besides roast degree, total roast time and duration of each stage impact the flavor profile. Faster roasting produces a stronger overall flavor, but it must be carefully executed to avoid burning the beans. Different roaster designs also influence the taste of the coffee.
Roasting for Filter or Espresso
Filter and espresso coffees require different approaches. Filter extraction relies on gravity and suits aromatic and acidic coffees. Espresso extraction, with its higher pressure, delivers a more concentrated flavor. Balancing the roast to suit both methods is a desirable goal for some roasters.
The Art of Coffee Roasting
Mastering the art of coffee roasting is a never-ending journey. Explore the unique qualities of each coffee bean and strive to find the perfect roast profile. Let your coffee journey be filled with new discoveries and delightful flavors.